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The participation in Product Backlog Refinement is primarily a collaborative effort between the Product Owner and the Developers. This activity is crucial for ensuring that the items in the Product Backlog are well understood, prioritized, and ready for the upcoming Sprints.

The Product Owner is responsible for maximizing the value of the product and guiding the team in understanding the goals and objectives behind each item. This means they must articulate the desired outcomes and ensure that backlog items align with the overall vision of the product. On the other hand, the Developers contribute their technical insights and understanding of their capabilities, helping to estimate the effort required and identify any necessary adjustments to the backlog items.

While it is beneficial for other team members and stakeholders to be involved in some discussions regarding the backlog to provide valuable input and different perspectives, the core responsibility of refining the backlog lies with this primary collaboration between the Product Owner and the Developers. This partnership ensures that the backlog remains an effective tool for managing work and fostering a shared understanding of what needs to be accomplished.